ACS (American College of Surgeons): The American College of Surgeons was formed in 1913 under the aegis of Dr. John Miller Turpin Finney "to elevate the standard of surgery, to establish a standard of competency and of character for practitioners of surgery, and to educate the public and the profession to understand that the practice of surgery calls for special training."

The ACS has about 56,000 Fellows (members) including 3,500 outside the U.S.